主语
主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或"是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定代词或相当于名词的单词或短语来充当,也有从句充当的现象。大多数主语都在句首。
如:
讲述"谁” We work in a big factory.
讲述“什么” The classroom is very big.
数词作主语 Three are enough.
从句作主语 What we need is food.
在“There be…”句型中,主语的位置在中间。如:
There are some bottles of milk in the box.
在个别句型中,主语在整个句子后面,这时前面用it作形式主语。如:
It is very interesting to play the game called"treat or trick”.
It took two workers about three months to build the house.
谓语
谓语时用来说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”,谓语必须是动词,谓语和主语在"人称"和"数"两方面必须一致。
如 : He is very generous.
She looks very smart and cool
We have finished the job.
He can speak German.
表语
表语说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”,由名词、形容词、介词、副词、不定式及相当于名词的词或短语来充当,它的位置在系动词后面。
形容词作表语
You look younger than before.名词作表语
My father is a teacher.副词作表语
Everyone is here.介词短语作表语
They are at the theatre.不定式作表语
My job is to teach them English.动名词作表语
Her job is training the nurses.从句作表语
状语
状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。它表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等,一般由副词、介词短语、不定式,从句或相当于副词的词或短语来充当。
状语一般放在句末,但有时也可以放在句首、句中。如:
He did it carefully (程度状语)
They missed me very much.(程度状语)
Without his help, we couldn’t work it out.(条件状语)
In order to catch up with my classmates,l must study hard.(目的状语)
When I was young,I could swim well.(时间状语)
宾语
宾语是动作、行为的对象,由名词、代词、不定式、或相当于名词的词或短语或从句来充当,它和谓语动词一起说明主语是什么,通常放在谓语动词后面。有时,会有双宾语。
如:
名词作宾语 He never forgives others for their mistakes.
代词做宾语 He often helps me.
不定式作宾语 He likes to sleep in the open air.
动名词作宾语 The Americans enjoyed living in China.
从句做宾语 I believe that they can finish the work in time.
直接宾语和间接宾语
及物动词作谓语时,后面要跟宾语,宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的对象。但有些动词除了直接宾语外,还需要有一个间接宾语,间接宾语表语动作是对谁做的,所以只能用名词或代词来充当。如:
We brought them some food.
主 谓 间宾 直宾
间接宾语可以放在直接宾语后面,但必须加to或for.
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